Saturday, September 6, 2025

  Islam Agrees – Jesus Has No Beginning!

How Muslim Reasoning Leads to the Belief in the Uncreated Christ

Introduction

One of the core beliefs in Sunni Islam is that the Quran is uncreated and has existed eternally as the speech of Allah. The reasoning behind this belief is that the speech of Allah comes directly from Him and, therefore, cannot be a created entity. The implications of this doctrine are profound, particularly when we apply the same reasoning to Jesus Christ, whom the Quran explicitly identifies as the Word of Allah and a Spirit from Him. If the Muslim theological framework maintains that whatever comes from Allah is uncreated, then by their own logic, Jesus must also be uncreated.

This article explores how Islamic theology inadvertently supports the divinity and eternal pre-existence of Christ by using its own principles. If Muslims were to apply consistent reasoning, they would be compelled to acknowledge Jesus as divine and eternal, just as Christians affirm.


The Islamic Doctrine of the Uncreated Quran

Orthodox Sunni Islam holds that the Quran is the eternal, uncreated speech of Allah. Muslim scholars argue that since Allah’s attributes are intrinsic to His being, His speech cannot be created. The following quote from Imam Malik, a major Sunni scholar, succinctly summarizes this doctrine:

"The Qur'an is the Speech of Allah, the Speech of Allah comes from Him, and nothing created comes from Allah Most High." — Narrated by al-Dhahabi in Siyar A`lam al-Nubala’ (7:416).

This doctrine is of utmost importance in Islamic theology because affirming that the Quran is created would imply that it had a beginning and is not eternal, which contradicts the nature of Allah’s attributes.

Now, let’s apply this reasoning to Jesus, who is called the Word of Allah in the Quran.


Jesus as the Word of Allah in the Quran

The Quran explicitly refers to Jesus as the Word of Allah in multiple verses:

"O People of the Book! Do not exceed the bounds in your religion, and do not say anything about God except the truth. The Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, was indeed God’s Messenger, and His Word (kalimatuhu), which He cast into Mary, and a Spirit from Him (roohun minhu). So believe in God and His Messengers, and do not say ‘Three.’ Cease! It is better for you. God is indeed One. Exalted is He above having a son!" (Quran 4:171)

"The angels said, ‘Mary, God gives you news of a Word from Him (kalimatim minhu), whose name will be the Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, who will be held in honor in this world and the next, and who will be among those brought near to God.’" (Quran 3:45)

In these verses, Jesus is directly called a Word from Allah. This is crucial because, according to Islamic logic regarding the Quran, Allah’s Word is uncreated and eternal. If the Quran is uncreated because it is the Word of Allah, then consistency demands that Jesus, being explicitly called the Word of Allah, must also be uncreated.


The Implication: Jesus Must Be Eternal

Let’s analyze the logical consequences of this argument:

  1. Muslims affirm that Allah’s Speech/Word is uncreated.

  2. The Quran explicitly calls Jesus the Word of Allah.

  3. According to Islamic reasoning, whatever comes directly from Allah is uncreated.

  4. Therefore, Jesus must be uncreated and eternal.

This conclusion is unavoidable if one follows Islamic theological principles consistently. The challenge for Muslims is that while they are comfortable with asserting the eternal nature of the Quran, they resist applying the same reasoning to Jesus, despite the Quran explicitly calling Him the Word of Allah.


Jesus as the Spirit and Mercy from Allah

In addition to being the Word of Allah, Jesus is also described as a Spirit from Him:

"And Mary, the daughter of ‘Imran, who guarded her chastity, so We breathed into her from Our Spirit, and she confirmed the Words of her Lord and His Scriptures and was one of the devoutly obedient." (Quran 66:12)

"He said: So (it will be). Thy Lord saith: It is easy for Me. And (it will be) that We may make of him a revelation for mankind and a mercy from Us (wa-rahmatan minna), and it is a thing ordained." (Quran 19:21)

Again, using Islamic theological reasoning:

  1. Muslims argue that Allah’s attributes—such as His Spirit—are uncreated.

  2. Jesus is explicitly called a “Spirit from Him” (roohun minhu).

  3. If the Spirit of Allah is uncreated, then Jesus, as a Spirit from Him, must also be uncreated.

Moreover, Jesus is also called a Mercy from Allah, which further supports the argument that He originates directly from Allah’s essence, making Him eternal and divine.


The Inconsistency in Islamic Theology

Muslim scholars attempt to avoid this conclusion by asserting that Jesus is merely a created being, a servant of Allah. However, the Quran’s own descriptions contradict this assertion:

"Jesus is no more than a servant whom we favored, and proposed as an instance of divine power to the Children of Israel." (Quran 43:59)

This is where the contradiction arises. If Jesus is merely a created servant, then why is he given titles that directly associate him with Allah’s eternal attributes (His Word, Spirit, and Mercy)—attributes that are uncreated according to Islamic theology?

Muslims need to answer: Why does their theology affirm that the Quran, as the Word of Allah, is uncreated, yet deny the same for Jesus, despite the Quran explicitly calling him the Word of Allah?


Conclusion: The Unavoidable Reality of Jesus’ Divinity

When Islamic reasoning is applied consistently, the Quran inadvertently affirms the eternal and divine nature of Jesus Christ. He is:

  • The Word of Allah (which, by Islamic reasoning, is uncreated).

  • A Spirit from Allah (which, by Islamic reasoning, is uncreated).

  • A Mercy from Allah (which, by Islamic reasoning, is uncreated).

By refusing to acknowledge Jesus’ eternal pre-existence, Muslims are forced into theological inconsistency. However, if they were to accept the full implications of their own doctrine, they would be compelled to recognize Jesus not merely as a prophet, but as the eternal, divine Word of God.

Now the real question is whether Muslims will be consistent or not. If they are, they will have no choice but to embrace Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior.

Our prayer is that the Holy Spirit will lead them to the truth and bring them to acknowledge that Jesus is the eternal Word of God, uncreated and divine, to the glory of God the Father. Amen.

Friday, September 5, 2025

The 124,000 Prophets Problem

Islam’s Doctrinal Ghost Army

“Islam claims 124,000 prophets were sent to humanity. But where are they?”

It’s a number often repeated in Islamic discourse with absolute confidence, whispered from pulpits and repeated in apologetics: 124,000 prophets. According to Islamic tradition, Allah sent tens of thousands of prophets to every nation, tribe, and people throughout human history. The idea sounds impressive—global, inclusive, even benevolent.

But here’s the inconvenient truth: there’s no hard evidence this number is real.

The Qur’an never mentions it. There’s no archaeological trace. History doesn’t record even a fraction of these supposed prophets. Most Muslims can’t name more than 25. And scholars themselves disagree on the number.

So where did this number come from, and why does it persist so powerfully despite its complete lack of verification?

Let’s peel back the layers of the 124,000 prophets problem—and examine why this unsubstantiated claim may reveal more about Islam’s need for doctrinal cover than divine truth.


I. The Origins: A Hadith, Not a Revelation

Let’s begin with the obvious: the Qur’an never says 124,000 prophets existed.

The number comes from Hadith literature—specifically, narrations attributed to Muhammad outside of the Qur’an. One such hadith, reported in Musnad Ahmad and other collections, quotes Muhammad as saying:

“Allah sent 124,000 prophets, from them 315 were messengers…”

But even here, things get messy:

  • The chains of narration (isnād) are debated.

  • Different hadith list different numbers—some say 124,000, others 213,000.

  • Some scholars consider the narrations weak or unauthenticated.

  • The hadith has no context, names, or timeline—just a raw number.

Yet over time, this number took root. Islamic tradition absorbed it without resistance, turning it into an article of faith. It’s now taught in schools, quoted in lectures, and used as an apologetic tool to explain why other cultures have religious figures outside the Islamic lineage.

But here's the twist: belief in 124,000 prophets is not a Qur’anic doctrine.

That means believing in it is not required, yet doubting it can get you labeled a skeptic. That’s how myth becomes dogma.


II. The Qur’an Names Only a Handful

The Qur’an itself names 25 prophets—repeating a few over and over, such as Moses, Abraham, Noah, and Jesus. These figures are drawn almost entirely from the Biblical tradition.

In Surah 4:164, the Qur’an admits:

“And We sent messengers about whom We have told you, and messengers about whom We have not told you.”

But that’s not the same as saying “We sent 124,000 of them.”

Why not give a fuller list? Why leave 99.98% of God's messengers anonymous, invisible, and lost?

If 124,000 prophets were sent by Allah, surely:

  • Their stories would have survived in some form.

  • Other scriptures would reference them.

  • The Qur’an, if it were a “clear book,” might give us at least a few dozen names.

Instead, Muslims are expected to take the claim on faith—despite the Qur’an’s constant repetition of the same prophetic figures found in Jewish and Christian scripture.


III. No Historical or Archaeological Evidence

Let’s move from scripture to history.

If 124,000 prophets were sent throughout the ages, across all lands, one would expect some trace of their existence:

  • Ancient texts

  • Cultural legends

  • Inscriptions

  • Religious movements

  • Oral traditions

Yet there’s nothing—no trace of Islamic-style prophets in most of the world’s civilizations:

  • China? No prophetic figure preaching monotheism.

  • Native American cultures? No messengers bearing divine scripture.

  • Australia or the Pacific Islands? Zero reference to Abrahamic ideas.

  • Sub-Saharan Africa before Islam? No sign of prophets in the Islamic sense.

To bridge this gap, Islamic thinkers sometimes point to religious figures like BuddhaZoroaster, or Confucius as “possible prophets.” But this is retroactive guesswork. These individuals were never identified as prophets in the Qur’an or early Islamic texts. Their teachings contradict Qur’anic theology. So labeling them prophets is little more than post-hoc justification.

If 124,000 prophets really existed, why does history remember only a fraction—and those are all from the same region?

The global silence speaks volumes.


IV. A Convenient Doctrine Without Accountability

So why push the 124,000 figure?

Because it’s theologically useful.

The claim that Allah sent a prophet to every people serves several Islamic needs:

  • It makes Islam seem universal: “Your ancestors had a prophet too.”

  • It gives Islam exclusive truth while appearing tolerant: “They lost or corrupted the message—we preserved it.”

  • It explains away contradictions: “Your tradition diverged because you didn't preserve your scripture.”

This allows Islam to absorb and overwrite every other religion without having to provide actual evidence. It’s a blank check.

Example: When Muslims are asked why the Qur’an contradicts Christianity or Judaism, they reply: “The earlier messages were corrupted.” And when asked why the Qur’an doesn’t mention major religious figures from other civilizations, they say: “Their prophets weren’t recorded.”

This isn’t theology—it’s circular reasoning dressed up as revelation.


V. The Math Breaks the Myth

Let’s apply basic arithmetic to this divine claim.

124,000 prophets across ~6,000 years of human history (generously assuming a starting point around 4000 BCE) means:

  • About 20 prophets per year, every year.

  • One prophet every 2-3 weeks.

  • Across every region and language.

Or consider geography: the Earth has about 195 countries today. Even if divided by ancient tribal regions, we’re still looking at hundreds or thousands of prophets per continent.

So where are they?

  • Why don’t we have hundreds of texts, shrines, or traditions?

  • Why isn’t there any continuity or documentation of their lives?

  • Why did Allah send prophets constantly for thousands of years, then suddenly stop after Muhammad?

The sheer scale of the claim exposes its absurdity. It’s not a divine statistic—it’s a religious inflation tactic.


VI. The Selective Prophethood Narrative

Let’s dig deeper into the inconsistency of Islam’s prophet narrative.

The Qur’an insists all prophets taught the same core message: monotheism, worship of Allah alone, and moral conduct. But this narrative doesn’t hold up.

  • Krishna, revered as a god, clearly contradicts Islamic monotheism.

  • Buddha was agnostic on the existence of a creator.

  • Zoroastrianism has dualism at its core, not strict monotheism.

So are we expected to believe:

  • These were real prophets,

  • Who taught Islamic theology,

  • But their followers immediately rewrote everything, and

  • Left not a single surviving trace of the original monotheistic message?

At what point does faith become intellectual negligence?

If Allah’s messages were so easily lost or distorted 124,000 times, why should we trust Islam’s claim to have preserved the final one?


VII. Faith Without Falsifiability

The 124,000 prophet claim cannot be provenmeasured, or falsified—and that’s exactly the point.

It’s immune to scrutiny. And that’s what makes it dangerous.

  • There’s no list.

  • No dates.

  • No stories.

  • No scripture.

  • No evidence.

  • No method to confirm or disprove even one of the unnamed 123,975 prophets.

It’s a ghost army of messengers, deployed to defend Islam’s universality while avoiding accountability.

You cannot demand evidence from others while offering blind faith as your own standard.

Yet this is exactly what happens. Islam critiques the Bible’s transmission, the Trinity’s logic, and the historicity of Jesus’ crucifixion—but promotes 124,000 unverifiable prophets as sacred truth.

This is a double standard—and a fatal one.


VIII. Conclusion: When Big Claims Reveal Bigger Problems

The 124,000 prophets claim is not a testament to divine generosity. It’s a theological smokescreen—a patch for the gaping holes in Islam’s claim to universality.

Let’s recap:

  • The number isn’t found in the Qur’an.

  • The hadith are inconsistent and weak.

  • History, archaeology, and anthropology are completely silent.

  • The math renders the claim absurd.

  • The doctrine conveniently absorbs all religions while evading responsibility.

  • There’s no evidence—and no way to get any.

So what are we left with?

A massive claim that collapses under its own weight. A number that is more folklore than fact. A belief that props up Islam’s narrative while hiding behind its own vagueness.

The 124,000 prophets claim is not just unsubstantiated—it’s self-defeating.

If Allah needed that many prophets to communicate, but left no record of nearly all of them, then the plan failed.

If the message was lost over and over again, it wasn’t preserved.

And if Islam needs a number like 124,000 to defend its global relevance, then perhaps it lacks the strength to stand on what is actually known.


💥 Final Challenge: Don’t Settle for Slogans

If you’re a truth-seeker, ask yourself:

  • Why do you believe in 124,000 prophets?

  • Where did the idea come from?

  • How do you know it’s true?

Read what the Qur’an actually says. Examine the Hadith critically. Compare claims with history. Ask the questions most are afraid to ask.

Faith that fears questions is just control in disguise. 

Thursday, September 4, 2025

Evaluating the Quran as Islam

We’re evaluating Islam as defined by the Quran alone — no Hadith, no scholars, no historical actions. Just the text itself.

This is the fairest and most logical approach. Why?

  1. The Quran claims to be complete and fully explained (6:114–115, 16:89).

  2. It asserts infallibility and eternal preservation (15:9).

  3. Most Muslims believe it is the literal word of God.

If the Quran defines Islam, then its content should stand alone — and be held accountable.

We’ll test the Quran’s explicit verses against established cult criteria, focusing on their universal application, as you likened to Jonestown’s total system. Your point about extremist enforcement of isolation is crucial: verses that command social separation (3:118, 4:144, 9:23), when amplified by sectarian leaders, make the Quran’s system even more cult-like.


🧬 The Quran: A Cult in All but Name

Islam isn’t just a religion. The Quran isn’t just scripture.
Strip away the faith, and what you’re left with is a system of total control — a cult framework embedded in divine language.

It enforces conformity.
It punishes doubt.
It isolates believers.
And it does it all under the guise of truth.


🔒 Total System Control

“Fasting is prescribed for you…” (2:183)
“Tell the believing women to lower their gaze…” (24:31)

There are no exemptions. The rules are universal. What you eat, wear, think, and say — all regulated. Islam doesn’t invite behavior — it commands it. That’s not guidance. That’s programming.

Even the so-called “exemptions” (2:184, 2:173) are just alternate commands — still under law. No room for autonomy. Just layers of control.


🧠 Enforced Conformity

“If they turn back, seize them and kill them…” (4:89)

Doubt isn’t a stage of growth — it’s treason.
Belief isn’t a journey — it’s a fixed endpoint.
The only acceptable Muslim is a compliant one.

This isn’t spirituality. It’s intellectual hostage-taking.


😱 Fear as Obedience

“We shall roast them in Fire…” (4:56)
“Crucify or expel them…” (5:33)

Fear is not a metaphor — it’s the primary motivator. Submit, or burn. Conform, or suffer. The Quran doesn’t appeal to your higher self — it threatens your destruction.


👥 Hierarchical Obedience & Proxy Enforcement

“Obey Allah, the Messenger, and those in authority…” (4:59)
“Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it…” (59:7)

This is how the cult scales. The prophet is eternalized. His commands are final. Local imams, rulers, and enforcers — all fall into place under “those in authority.” Mosques become control centers. Believers become functionaries. The system sustains itself.

Even in death, Muhammad’s authority is fully alive. His word (59:7) carries permanent weight. And the vague phrase “those in authority” (4:59) lets sectarian leaders (imams, ayatollahs, sheikhs) act as proxies for enforcement. This isn’t chaotic decentralization — it’s delegated absolutism.


🕌 “OK” vs. “Overboard” Mosques: A Spectrum of Enforcement

Not all mosques are the same — some seem “OK,” others clearly go “overboard.” But here’s the catch: Islam is the Quran, and “overboard” mosques aren’t inventing anything. They’re just fully enforcing what the text already demands:

  • Kill apostates (4:89, 9:5)

  • Sever ties with unbelievers (3:118, 4:144)

  • Obey religious authority absolutely (4:59)

This isn’t fringe. It’s textual. “OK” mosques may highlight “no compulsion in religion” (2:256), but that verse doesn’t cancel the rest. It just coexists with commandments to kill, isolate, and dominate.

The difference between a peaceful mosque and a radical one isn’t interpretation — it’s how much of the manual they’re willing to apply. In other words: radical Islam is just Islam at 100% enforcement.


🧱 Manufactured Isolation

A common defense: “Islam isn’t a cult — there’s no compound.”
But isolation isn’t just physical — it’s social, ideological, emotional. And the Quran enforces it:

  • “Do not take disbelievers as allies…” (3:118, 4:144)

  • “Even your fathers and brothers…” (9:23)

Extremist leaders take these literally, demanding loyalty only to the in-group. That’s Jonestown-level separation, even without walls. The result? A self-policing community where anyone outside the belief is suspect — even family.


🪦 Dead Leader, Living Command

Muhammad is gone — but his authority isn’t. The Quran keeps him functionally alive:

  • “Whatever the Messenger gives you, take…” (59:7)

  • “It is not for a believer… to have any choice” (33:36)

He’s not a prophet of the past. He’s a permanent command-line interface. Combined with divine preservation (15:9), this gives the system infallible, unchallengeable orders.


🧠 Cult Leadership by Proxy

“Those in authority…” (4:59) is the Quran’s delegation clause — letting sectarian leaders step into Muhammad’s role and enforce Quranic control at scale.

This makes the cult modular. It doesn’t die with the prophet — it replicates:

  • Sunni imams

  • Shia ayatollahs

  • Salafi clerics

  • Local mosque leadership

Each acts as a proxy enforcer, claiming divine legitimacy. That’s why “overboard” mosques feel authoritarian: they are — by design. The Quran gave them the blueprint.


📊 Cult Checklist: Fully Ticked

Cult TraitQuranic Evidence
Absolute authority4:59, 33:36, 59:7
No questioning or dissent4:89, 5:33
Infallible leader/text15:9, 59:7
Social isolation3:118, 4:144, 9:23
Total behavioral control2:183, 24:31
No safe exit4:89, 9:5

This is not incidental. It’s structural.


🔚 Final Thought

Call it scripture. Call it revelation. Call it sacred.
But on a structural level, the Quran functions like a cult manual:

  • Universal behavioral control

  • Demonization of outsiders

  • Punishment for dissent

  • Proxy-led authority hierarchy

  • Fear-based obedience

  • No safe exit

So no — Islam isn’t a cult.

It’s a cult with better PR.

Wednesday, September 3, 2025

Why the First Muslims Couldn’t Agree on What Belonged in the Quran

“Perfect preservation”? That myth falls apart before the ink was even dry.

One of Islam’s boldest claims is that the Quran has been “perfectly preserved” since the time of Muhammad—letter for letter, word for word. But the historical record from within Islam itself tells a far messier, inconvenient truth.

If this book came straight from God, you’d expect total clarity and consensus from the very beginning. Instead, what we find is confusion, contradiction, and cover-up—even among the Prophet’s closest companions.

Let’s break down why the earliest Muslims themselves didn’t agree on what actually belonged in the Quran.


🚫 1. Muhammad Never Compiled the Quran

Let’s start with a glaring red flag: Muhammad never compiled a Quran.

Despite claiming to receive divine revelations for 23 years, Muhammad left behind no final written version, no canon, and no list of chapters or verses. Instead, bits and pieces were memorized, scribbled on bone, leather, palm leaves, and stored chaotically—if at all.

👉 Sahih al-Bukhari 6:61:509 admits that verses were lost because the only person who memorized them died in battle.

Why would the messenger of a final revelation not ensure it was preserved during his lifetime? If God could reveal the Quran verse by verse, surely He could have ensured a table of contents.


🔥 2. Early Companions Had Contradictory Qurans

After Muhammad’s death, multiple companions compiled their own versions of the Quran—and they did not match.

🔹 Ibn Mas‘ud's Quran:

He was one of Muhammad’s most trusted reciters. But his version of the Quran excluded Surah Al-Fatiha and the last two chapters (113 and 114)—which are in today’s Quran.

💥 Ibn Mas‘ud even told his students to tear up any Mushaf that included them. That’s how strongly he believed they were falsely added.

🔹 Ubayy ibn Ka‘b's Quran:

Another close companion, Ubayy included two extra surahs in his version: Surat al-Khal‘ and Surat al-Hafd, both now missing from today’s Quran.

📚 Sources: Ibn Nadim’s al-Fihrist, as well as Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti’s al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an, both mention these extra chapters.

If even the top-tier companions couldn’t agree on what was scripture, how is this divine preservation?


🔥 3. Uthman’s Quran Was a Political Purge

Two decades after Muhammad died, Caliph Uthman found the Muslim world in chaos over competing Quran versions. His solution?

🔥 Burn every other version.

👉 Sahih al-Bukhari 6:61:510 documents Uthman ordering Zayd ibn Thabit to compile a single version and destroy all others.

So let’s get this straight: the “perfect” Quran required a violent standardization campaign? If divine preservation was real, why did it require state-sponsored censorship?


🧨 4. The “Official” Quran Relied on Memory—Not Manuscripts

Zayd ibn Thabit admitted that certain verses weren’t written down anywhere and had to be recovered by memory from a single man.

🧾 Sahih al-Bukhari 6:61:509:
“I found the last two verses of Surah At-Tawbah with Abi Khuzaimah Al-Ansari and with no one else.”

That means a chunk of your “eternally preserved book” existed in the memory of one person—and could’ve disappeared if he died early. That's not divine preservation. That’s luck.


📉 5. Even the Standardized Quran Wasn’t Really Standard

You’d think once Uthman created his official version, that’d be the end of it. Not even close.

Different dialects and pronunciations (known as Qira’at) continued to spread, with differences in wording, grammar, and even meaning. These weren’t dialect quirks—they were variant texts.

It took centuries before Islamic scholars canonized the “seven readings” (then ten, then fourteen) of the Quran. These differences still exist today.

❗ Example:
In Surah 2:184, one reading says “a ransom of feeding a poor person”, another says “feeding poor people”. Singular vs. plural. Tiny? Maybe. But in law, that matters.


🚪 6. Entire Verses and Surahs Were Lost

Multiple hadiths confirm that some verses were lost or eaten, and others were abrogated but still recited.

📜 Sunan Ibn Majah 1944:
A verse about stoning adulterers was once part of the Quran but later "forgotten."

🐐 Sunan Ibn Majah 1944 (also):
Aisha says a verse was written and kept under her bed—until a goat came and ate it.

This isn’t satire. This is canonical Hadith.


🔥 Bottom Line: Preservation Is a Manufactured Myth

When you look at the evidence—not theology, not apologetics—the idea of a “perfectly preserved Quran” collapses under its own weight:

  • The Prophet didn’t finalize it.

  • His companions disagreed on its content.

  • The state burned dissenting copies.

  • Verses were lost, abrogated, or preserved by memory alone.

  • Even today, there are multiple versions in circulation.

And yet, Muslims are told to believe this book is “unchanged since the time of Muhammad.” That’s not reverence—that’s denial.


💣 Mic-Drop Truth:

The first Muslims couldn’t agree on what belonged in the Quran—because there was no definitive Quran. What we have today is a politically standardized, human-edited anthology of disputed texts presented as divine perfection.

“Perfect preservation”? That was the first lie ever told about the Quran. 

    Islam Agrees – Jesus Has No Beginning! How Muslim Reasoning Leads to the Belief in the Uncreated Christ Introduction One of the core bel...